Manganese is a trace mineral that plays an important role as a cofactor in the activation of numerous enzymes including superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme and pyruvate carboxylase, a carbohydrate metabolism enzyme. This mineral also aids the utilization of the vitamins ascorbic acid, biotin, thiamine and choline.
Manganese it participates as a catalyst in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. It nourishes the nerves and brain and maintains the production of sex hormones. This mineral is also important in the formation of urea and possibly that of blood.
Manganese is absorbed poorly and most of the absorption takes place in the intestinal tract. It is mostly concentrated in the bones, pancreas and liver. Excretion occurs through the feces and it is combined in the bile. High intakes of calcium will further depress the poor rate of absorption of manganese.
There are not reported cases of deficiency in humans and the need for this element is low. The adequate intake for manganese is 2 mg/day for adults and the average intake from a diet that includes good manganese rich food sources will adequately cover these needs.
Dietary or oral toxicity is extremely rare. However toxicity has been seen in individuals in manganese mines exposed to manganese dust. Upper level for this mineral is 11mg/day. Toxicity symptoms include violence, hallucinations, weakness, muscle control impairment, extreme irritability and psychiatric problems.
Before using manganese as a dietary supplement it is important to consult your health care provider. As with everything else it is important that you receive the right amounts of vitamins and minerals for the right reasons.
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